Acerola Cherries The fleshy red stone fruits, about the size of a cherry, contain very high amounts of vitamin C and are eaten fresh, used to make jams and jellies, and are an important commercial source of natural vitamin C. Also known as the Barbados Cherry.
Alfalfa Juice concentrate The therapeutic elements of Alfalfa are the whole flowering plant or the germinating seed. Also called Lucerene, Purple Medick, and Buffalo Herb, Alfalfa has been used for years in the treatment of diabetes and malfunctioning of the thyroid gland. The foiliage contains: Carotinoids, Triterpene saponis, Isoflavonoids, Coumestans, Triterpenes, andCyanogenic glycosides. The seed consists of: L-canavaine, Betaine, Trigonelline, and Fatty oil.
The saponin components found in alfalfa are active with the cardiovascular, nervous and digestive systems.
Almond Sweet and bitter almonds have been used for years in folk medicine with the medicinal component of the plant being the ripened fruit. Bitter almonds contain Cuanogenic glycosides, amygdalin, Fatty oil, mucilages, and Proteic components. Bitter almonds have been used in folk medicine as a cough suppressant and as an anti-emetic.
Sweet almonds consist of Fatty oil, Mucilages, and Proteic components and have been used to to relieve pain in inflamed or irritated mucous membranes through their demulcent effect, topically used in skin care.
alpha-Galactosidase An enzyme that digests raffinose sugars. Raffinose sugars are complex sugars found in legumes (beans, peas and lentils) and cruciferous vegetables, such as cauliflower, broccoli and cabbage. These sugars are difficult for the body to digest and usually ferment, producing gas.
alpha-Lipoic Acid An effective antioxidant that is both water-soluble and fat-soluble. It may help regenerate other antioxidants, such as vitamins E and C. It is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and the production of ATP for energy. Works at both an intracellular and an extracellular level and helps protect cell membranes. May help to improve immune function.
Amylase An enzyme that breaks the interior bonds of large carbohydrates (starches), reducing them to smaller disaccharides.Comments: Learn about enzyme supplements from the Enzyme Experts.
Apple Pectin Apple pectin has been used for years as a natural remedy for different mild gastrointestinal complaints such as dyspepsia and diarrhea. Has shown to be especially effective in children.
Ashwaganda Root Has antioxidant, anxiolytic, and anti-inflammatory properties; may modulate immune function, stimulate synthesis of thyroid hormones and act as an adaptogen, by enhancing the ability to withstand stress; certain compounds in ashwaganda act as hormone precursors and have the ability to supply hormones as needed.
Asparagus Asparagus herb is reported to be useful as a diuretic. The rhizome and root have been used to treat urinary tract infections and kidney and bladder stones. It is also reportedly used in Chinese medicine as a cough treatment.
The rhizome and root should not be used if kidney disease is suspected.
Astragalus Root extract Helps to stimulate the immune system and improves immune response. This herb increases certain antibody levels and demonstrates antibiotic activity. It also has antioxidant properties.
Bacopin May help to improve cognitive function and facilitate learning by regulating the neurotransmitters and binding sites in the brain. Has been shown to have antioxidant, antidepressant and anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) properties. May help to improve short-term memory and learning.
Banaba Leaf extract May act in a manner similar to insulin to help lower blood sugar levels; may also help activate insulin receptors.
Beet Root extract Also known as Chard, and high in betaine, beet root is used in the treatment of liver diseases and is reportedly has been used in Indian medicine to treat coughs and infections.
Beta-Sitosterol Possesses both anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to modulate the immune system; has been shown to improve the symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH); helps to lower both total and LDL cholesterol levels.
Bifidobacterium longum Bifidobacterium longum is the bacterium that keeps the digestive system running smoothly, blocks the growth of harmful bacteria, and boosts the immune system. It is often the dominant bacterium found in humas and has been used as a remedy for hundreds of years to support immune function. The bacterial supplement is recommended to patients who take antibiotics, suffer from bacterial, viral or fungal infections or have various digestive problems.
Bilberry Fruit extract Useful for ocular disorders, such as macular degeneration, cataracts and glaucoma. Anthocyanoside, rutin and tannin are active constituents and account for bilberry's antioxidant, anti-edema and anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to increase circulation. Rutin also helps to lower intraocular pressure. May improve night vision in those with impaired visual acuity.
Bitter Melon extract Has hypoglycemic (blood-sugar lowering) activity and may help protect against hyperinsulinemia (excess insulin in the blood). Can also help slow the progression of some of the problems associated with diabetes, such as kidney disease and protein in the urine. Helps to reduce blood levels of cholesterol.Comments: CAUTION: May cause uterine stimulation and is NOT recommended for pregnant women.
Black Cohosh Root extract Helps to significantly reduce the symptoms of menopause and level out hormonal imbalances. For some patients, black cohosh may be as effective as estrogen replacement. Comments: Health Canada advises consulting with physician before using Black Cohosh. Cease using if experiencing unusual weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite or if symptoms of liver injury develop, such as: yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, dark urine or abdominal pain.
Black Currant Seed extract Helps balance prostaglandin metabolism; prostaglandins are important in regulating hormone production and the inflammatory response. Provides a good source of essential fatty acids.
Blackberry leaf Helps relieve diarrhea and inflammation of mucous membranes.
Bladderwrack Kelp extract Contains high levels of iodine, which is essential for thyroid hormone production; also a rich source of vitamins, minerals and trace elements; helps to promote healing and tissue regeneration, possibly through its ability to break down fibrin, and act as an anticoagulant and antiplatelet agent.
Boron Enhances metabolism of other minerals, such as calcium and magnesium; enhances vitamin D utilization, which is essential for calcium metabolism; appears to improve blood levels of hormones.
Boswellia Gum extract Has anti-inflammatory properties; may help to reduce pain and disability in people with arthritis symptoms.
Brewers Yeast Helps to increase the activity of intestinal enzymes that digest simple and complex saccharides; may also increase the release of insulin, resulting in more effective glucose utilization.
Broccoli Broccoli is one of the most nutritious foods on the planet. It delivers plenty of Vitamin C, Calcium, and fiber + provides heavy anti-oxidant function. It is an anti-carcinogin, and reportedly helps prevent cataracts, heart disease, arthritis, ulcers and viruses.
Bromelain An enzyme derived from pineapple that digests large protein molecules to smaller peptides and amino acids.
Bugleweed Herb powder Helps to inhibit production of thyroid hormone and may also help to lower blood sugar.Comments: CAUTION: Affects hormone production and therefore is NOT recommended for pregnant or lactating women.
Bupleurum Helps to improve and regulate immune function and contains antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (also known as Chinese thoroughwax).
Burdock Root extract Appears to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and may support proper immune functioning. May have antibacterial properties. Used as a detoxifying herb in both Chinese and Western medicine.Comments: CAUTION: May cause uterine contractions and is NOT recommended for pregnant women.
Calcium
Bones and teeth contain greater than 99% of the body's calcium. Calcium in the bone serves as a reserve for extracellular calcium. Essential for nerve transmission, contraction of muscles and blood vessels, and repair of connective tissue.Functions with hormones and neurotransmitters. Works with magnesium to regulate contraction and relaxation of muscles and vitamin D to maintain healthy bone mass.
Calendula Flower extract Contains anti-inflammatory properties and may aid in wound healing, by stimulating tissue granulation. Demonstrates antiviral and antibacterial activity.Comments: CAUTION: May cause uterine stimulation and is NOT recommended for pregnant women.
Caraway seed Helps increase gastric secretions to aid digestion, promotes gas elimination, and may have weak antispasmodic effects to help reduce gastrointestinal spasms.
Carrot
Carrots have long been associated with improved vision – they do serve as an excellent source of beta carotene which may have beneficial effect on vision as it is converted to vitamin A in the liver, then transferred to the retnia where it is converted into rhodopsin – reportedly essential for night vision. In addition, antioxidants provided by the carrot help to prevent macular degeneration.
Carrots are also an excellent vegetable source of the “pro-vitamin A carotenes”, and reportedly help protect against cancers, emphysema and heart disease.
Carrots also contain: vitamin A, Vitamin K, vitamin C, dietary fiber, potassium, vitamin B6, manganese, molybdenum, thiamin, niacin, phosphours, magnesium, folate, and are low in calories.
This link provides a plethora of information about the carrot
Catalase An antioxidant enzyme that acts on hydrogen peroxide, a free radical, reducing it to water and oxygen.
Celery Seed extract Has sedative and antispasmodic (relieves spasms) effects and is also a rich source of minerals, such as magnesium, calcium and iron.Comments: CAUTION: May cause uterine stimulation and is NOT recommended for pregnant women.
Cellulase An enzyme that acts on the cellulose (fiber) portion of carbohydrates. Cellulase is not produced by the human body.
CereCalase Plus A proprietary blend of four fiber-digesting enzymes. These help to release minerals, such as zinc, iron, calcium and magnesium, that often get bound to fiber in foods and therefore are unavailable for absorption by the body.
Chaste Tree Berry extract Helps to normalize hormonal levels, and is especially effective in women who have low progesterone levels. May also have antibacterial and antifungal effects.Comments: CAUTION: NOT recommended for: pregnant women due to it uterine-stimulating effects, lactating women, or women with hormone-sensitive cancers (e.g., breast, uterine, ovarian), endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
Chinese Thoroughwax Root extract Helps to improve and regulate immune function and contains antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (also known as bupleurum).
Chinese Wolfberry Root extract Can help reduce cholesterol levels by preventing absorption of cholesterol in the gastrointestinal tract. May also have antihypertensive (lowers blood pressure) and hypoglycemic (lowers blood sugar) effects.Comments: CAUTION: May cause uterine stimulation and is NOT recommended for pregnant women.
Chlorella A rich source of chlorophyll, which can help cleanse the blood. Contains high amounts of vitamin K, which is required for proper blood clotting, and can increase serum levels of vitamin B12 (which helps prevent anemia). It also contains significant amounts of vitamins, minerals, lipids, carbohydrates, fiber, and proteins, and may help stimulate the immune system.
Chromium Enhances insulin sensitivity and uptake by cells, and functions in glucose metabolism; may help increase HDL and lower cholesterol and triglycerides blood levels.
Citrus Bioflavonoids
Bioflavonoids are a specific group of pigments responsible for color in flowers, fruits and vegetables. Citrus bioflavonoids are those found in citrus fruits such as the orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, etc. Citrus bioflavanoids have been researched for their anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic potential. They have demonstrated some anti-bacterial properties as well.
This link provides more information on Citrus bioflavonoid research.
Cleavers Herb extract Appears to act as a diuretic and general detoxifying agent; also reported to have astringent properties.
Codonopsis Root extract Increases hemoglobin and red blood cell count, which can improve oxygenation of the blood. It is also believed to helps increase endurance to stress and maintain alertness by stimulating the central nervous system; may help to increase learning and memory.
Coenzyme Q10 (vegetarian) A vitamin-like compound that acts as an antioxidant and helps to prevent oxidative damage. Also works as a cofactor in ATP production, a form of cellular energy storage. The liver, pancreas, heart, and kidney contain high concentrations of this compound. Appears to increase HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels and decrease cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels in the blood.
Coleus Root extract May activate adenylate cyclase in various cells of the body, which increases production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and may affect hormone output, heart rate, smooth muscle contraction; may reduce blood clotting through inhibition of platelet aggregation.
Collinsonia Root powder Has diuretic actions and tonic effects - tones and strengthens tissue of the vascular system. Also used to reduce back pressure in the veins, and may be helpful with varicose veins and hemorrhoids.
Copper Aids in the formation of bone, connective tissue, hemoglobin and red blood cells; may have anti-inflammatory effects through its role in tissue repair.
Corn Silk extract Contains tannins, phytosterols, allantoin, and cryptoxanthin. Has mild diuretic properties and astringent effects to help support healthy functioning of the bladder and kidneys.
Corydalis Root extract Demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity, as well as the ability to relieve pain and spasms.
Cramp Bark extract Has antispasmodic properties that act on smooth muscle. May help ease pain associated with muscle cramping.
Damiana Leaf extract May help to relax smooth muscle and act as a sexual stimulant.
Dandelion Leaf extract Acts as a diuretic and appears to improve functioning of the urinary system. Has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
Dandelion Root extract Acts as a diuretic and appears to improve functioning of the urinary system. Has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Helps to increase bile production in the gallbladder and bile flow from the liver.
Deglycyrrhizinized Licorice Root extract May help to accelerate the healing of ulcerated tissue in the GI tract. Appears to have soothing properties and help relieve spasms. Acts as an anti-inflammatory.
Devil's Claw Root extract Appears to act as an anti-inflammatory through its inhibition of both the cyclooxygenase and the lipoxygenase pathways. Helps to relieve pain associated with arthritic and other inflammatory conditions.
Dong Quai Root extract Acts as an antispasmodic and helps reduce smooth-muscle cramping. May have mild analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.Comments: CAUTION: NOT recommended for: pregnant women because of its uterine-stimulating effects or women with hormone-sensitive cancers (such as breast, uterine or ovarian), endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
Echinacea Angustifolia Root extract May have antiviral and antibacterial effects. Appears to stimulate immune function by increasing phagocytosis and lymphocyte activity. Has anti-inflammatory activity. Stimulates the anterior pituitary-adrenal cortex. May help to reduce symptoms associated with colds and flu, but results are variable among individuals and seem to work best when taken at the first sign of symptoms.Comments: NOTE: Should not be used longer than 12 weeks at a time; seems to work best when a 1-week washout phase is included after 8 weeks of use.
Echinacea Purpurea Root extract May have antiviral and antibacterial effects. Appears to stimulate immune function by increasing phagocytosis and lymphocyte activity. Has anti-inflammatory activity. Stimulates the anterior pituitary-adrenal cortex. May help to reduce symptoms associated with colds and flu, but results are variable among individuals and seem to work best when taken at the first sign of symptoms.Comments: NOTE: Should not be used longer than 12 weeks at a time; seems to work best when a 1-week washout phase is included after 8 weeks of use.
Elder Flower Tops extract
Used to treat coughs, colds, flu, respiratory disorders, and shortness of breath. It can be used as a mouthwash or a gargle for laryngitis, and as a sudorific tea to increase sweating during a cold or fever. Elder extract increases resistance to infection via mucous membranes, and is effective for the treatment of: chronic congestion, allergies, candidiasis and ear infections. It has also been used to increase milk production in lactating mothers.
No known side effects.
Eucalyptus Leaf extract Has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties; also acts as a decongestant and contains antioxidant flavonoids.
Fennel Seed extract
Promotes gastrointestinal mobility. Fennel contains the nutraceutical anethole, an antispasmodic used to relieve abdominal pain associated with acid stomach, indigestion, gas, bloating, colon disorders, and spasms of the GI tract. An anti-inflammatory, it is useful in clearing the lungs and for coughs and bronchitis.
Comments: Counter indications: though an allergic response has rarely been observed, individuals with celery sensitivity may also show some sensitivity to fennel. Not recommended for pregnant women and infants.
Figwort Herb powder
Has a diuretic and mild laxative effect, and supports the detoxification of the body. In Europe it continues to be used as a traditional treatment for swelling and tumors.
No health hazards or side effects are known.
Flavonoids
Flavonoids, or bioflavonoids as they are often called, refer to some 4,000 compounds producing the colorful pigments in foods. Citrus bioflavonoids are found in the white membrane just beneath the peel and include rutin and hesperidin. Closely associated with vitamin C, they are part of the vitamin C complex, and when taken together, they maximize the benefits of both. Flavonoids are effective antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, and antioxidant agents, and can help to prevent, reduce and treat a wide variety of conditions.
For counter indications and interactions go to www.wholehealthmd.com/refshelf and click on supplements or drugs.
Flaxseed
Flaxseed promotes healthy skin, strong bones, teeth and nails, and is effective in the treatment of inflammation and female disorders. Some of the many nutrients found in flaxseed include: beta-carotene, glycosides, linoleic, linolenic, and oleic acids, lignans, and mucilage. The mucilage produces a laxative effect, increasing bowel movements up to 30%, and is useful for colon problems. It lowers and stabilizes blood sugar, and its unsaturated fatty acid content gives flaxseed the ability to significantly lower cholesterol levels. Other research has shown flaxseed can improve renal function, inflammation, kidney function in lupus patients, and reduce the development and growth of both colon and mammary gland tumors.
The use of large quantities of flaxseed without enough fluids can lead to intestinal obstruction. It is counter indicated in stricture of the esophagus or gastrointestinal areas, and acute inflammation of the esophagus, stomach, or intestinal tract. If flaxseed is taken for inflammatory bowel disorders, it should be soaked and pre-swollen before consumption.
Flaxseed powder
Flaxseed promotes healthy skin, strong bones, teeth and nails, and is effective in the treatment of inflammation and female disorders. Some of the many nutrients found in flaxseed include: beta-carotene, glycosides, linoleic, linolenic, and oleic acids, lignans, and mucilage. The mucilage produces a laxative effect, increasing bowel movements up to 30%, and is useful for colon problems. It lowers and stabilizes blood sugar, and its unsaturated fatty acid content gives flaxseed the ability to significantly lower cholesterol levels. Other research has shown flaxseed can improve renal function, inflammation, kidney function in lupus patients, and reduce the development and growth of both colon and mammary gland tumors.
The use of large quantities of flaxseed without enough fluids can lead to intestinal obstruction. It is counter indicated in stricture of the esophagus or gastrointestinal areas, and acute inflammation of the esophagus, stomach, or intestinal tract. If flaxseed is taken for inflammatory bowel disorders, it should be soaked and pre-swollen before consumption.
Fructose
Fructose is a simple sugar found in many foods. One of the three most important blood sugars, along with glucose and galactose, it is also created when sucrose is broken down during digestion into its constituents: glucose and fructose. Fructose can be found in honey, many fruits, and some sweeter root vegetables. Due to its low glycemic index, fructose has often been recommended for hypoglycemics and diabetics. This low glycemic index is due to its unique and lengthy digestion, which involves multiple enzymatic processes in the liver.
Over consumption of fructose may contribute to insulin resistance and other diabetic complications.
Garcinia Fruit Rind extract
Also referred to as gamboge, its mucilage content produces a strong laxative effect and acts as a strong irritant to the mucous membranes of the intestine. Some studies have indicated the hydroxycitrate found in garcinia may suppress appetite and inhibit the conversion of carbohydrates into fat, thus aiding in weight loss. Garcinia has also been shown to exhibit some anti-microbial properties.
Can lead to abdominal pain and vomiting in some individuals.
Garlic Bulb extract
Based on its immune enhancing, anti-tumor, anti-mutagenic /anti-carcinogenic, and anti-fungal qualities, garlic contains many sulfur based compounds which gives it excellent healing properties. It has been found to be beneficial for a wide variety of conditions and disorders: asthma, candida, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular and coronary heart disease, diabetes, liver disease, meningitis, learning, cognitive functions, physiological aging and age related memory deficits, HIV/AIDS, and cancer.
Alliin, the main sulfur-containing compound in garlic, has anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, lipid reducing, and fibrinolytic properties. It has been found to be effective against a wide variety of gram-positive, gram-negative and fungal organisms. Garlic’s anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties are well documented, as is its ability to stabilize blood sugar, lower blood pressure, lower cholesterol levels, and improve circulation. Known to strengthen the immune system by enhancing natural killer cells, and through its ability to increase the antioxidant glutathione. Alliin has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of arteriosclerosis, stroke, and cardiovascular issues by inhibiting platelets from forming clots and sticking to blood vessel walls.
Adverse effects such as headaches, myalgia, fatigue, and vertigo have been reported when taking large therapeutic dosages. Frequent usage may result in allergic reactions for susceptible individuals. Abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and a feeling of fullness can also occur. When taking garlic, there is a risk of post-operative bleeding. Use of garlic with anticoagulants, such as coumadin, or anti-platelets, such as aspirin or dipyridamole, could increase the risk of bleeding. Likewise, use of garlic with NSAIDs, such as indomethacin, could increase bleeding time due to the decrease in platelet aggregation and inhibition of fibrinogen.
Do not take large amounts of garlic during pregnancy as it may stimulate uterine contractions and secretions. Finally, though some reports suggest that Garlic is not recommended for nursing mothers, as it may cause gas or colic in infants, others report infants actually prefer garlic flavored mother’s milk, and garlic can be useful to stimulate breastfeeding.
Garlic concentrate
Based on its immune enhancing, anti-tumor, anti-mutagenic /anti-carcinogenic, and anti-fungal qualities, garlic contains many sulfur based compounds which gives it excellent healing properties. It has been found to be beneficial for a wide variety of conditions and disorders: asthma, candida, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular and coronary heart disease, diabetes, liver disease, meningitis, learning, cognitive functions, physiological aging and age related memory deficits, HIV/AIDS, and cancer.
Alliin, the main sulfur-containing compound in garlic, has anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, lipid reducing, and fibrinolytic properties. It has been found to be effective against a wide variety of gram-positive, gram-negative and fungal organisms. Garlic’s anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties are well documented, as is its ability to stabilize blood sugar, lower blood pressure, lower cholesterol levels, and improve circulation. Known to strengthen the immune system by enhancing natural killer cells, and through its ability to increase the antioxidant glutathione. Alliin has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of arteriosclerosis, stroke, and cardiovascular issues by inhibiting platelets from forming clots and sticking to blood vessel walls.
Adverse effects such as headaches, myalgia, fatigue, and vertigo have been reported when taking large therapeutic dosages. Frequent usage may result in allergic reactions for susceptible individuals. Abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and a feeling of fullness can also occur. When taking garlic, there is a risk of post-operative bleeding. Use of garlic with anticoagulants, such as coumadin, or anti-platelets, such as aspirin or dipyridamole, could increase the risk of bleeding. Likewise, use of garlic with NSAIDs, such as indomethacin, could increase bleeding time due to the decrease in platelet aggregation and inhibition of fibrinogen.
Do not take large amounts of garlic during pregnancy as it may stimulate uterine contractions and secretions. Finally, though some reports suggest that Garlic is not recommended for nursing mothers, as it may cause gas or colic in infants, others report infants actually prefer garlic flavored mother’s milk, and garlic can be useful to stimulate breastfeeding.
Gentian Root
Also called bitter root, gentian is considered a tonic to increase strength and vigor. The bitter active ingredients in gentian stimulate the taste receptors, increasing saliva and digestive juices. It specifically stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine, and is used effectively as a digestive aid. Gentian kills plasmodia, the organism that causes malaria. It is also used in the treatment of pancreatitis and other pancreatic infections, fungal infections, to stimulate circulation, and as a de-wormer.
Because it stimulates digestive secretions it is not recommended for individuals that suffer from stomach or duodenal ulcers.
German chamomile flower
As a mild sedative, it is used widely to relieve stress and anxiety, and as a sleep aid. It can be used to stimulate appetite and aid digestion. It can also be used as a diuretic and in the treatment of colitis and diverticulosis. Chamomile is especially useful in protecting the digestive tract from damage caused by acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin consumption.
Chamomile has been used effectively for: general pain, headaches, colds, fevers, coughs, bronchitis, inflammation of the skin and mucus membranes, burns, wounds, and infections. It has an anti-microbial effect on some pathogens such as staphylococcus and candida, and its anti-bacterial nature (plus its tendency to be drying) makes it useful in the treatment of seeping wounds. Chamomile has been found to inhibit the development of skin papillomas, and to also inhibit papillomas from converting to carcinomas. Chamomile acts as an anti-inflammatory by inhibiting histamine release, and as an antioxidant by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Its antioxidant, immune stimulating and chemoprevention characteristics make chamomile useful in the prevention of both inflammation and cancer.
Chamomile should not be used by individuals allergic to ragweed or other members of the composite family (e.g. arnica, yarrow, feverfew, tansy, and artemesia). Use for long periods of time may create sensitivity to ragweed and other pollens. One case study reports severe anaphylactic reactions in patients with hay fever and bronchial asthma caused by a variety of pollens.
Ginger Root extract
Ginger cleanses the colon, reduces spasms and cramping, and increases circulation and peristalsis of the intestines. It promotes secretion of saliva, bile, and gastric juices. It can stimulate appetite and is useful in the treatment of: indigestion, bowel disorders, morning sickness, colic, gas, nausea and vomiting. Ginger is useful in low thyroid conditions because it increases the absorption of iodine in the intestinal tract. Ginger inhibits platelet aggregation and is an anti-thrombotic. It acts as an anti-inflammatory by inhibiting leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis. Research has found it to be more effective than several other drugs used for sea and motion sickness, with its effects lasting up to six hours. It can be used as a treatment for migraine headaches and hot flashes. As a strong anti-oxidant and immune stimulant, ginger can be used to treat fevers and its anti-microbial and astringent properties make it beneficial in the treatment of wounds and sores.
Since ginger is an anti- thrombotic, large doses of ginger should not be used by those with bleeding disorders, those on anticoagulants, or when there is a risk of hemorrhaging.
It is not recommended for individuals with gallstones because it stimulates the secretion of bile. Though most research indicates ginger is effective for morning sickness, moderation is recommended. Excessive doses should be avoided. Large doses can cause cardiac arrhythmias and depression of the central nervous system.
Ginkgo Biloba Leaf extract
Ginkgo biloba’s active compounds include flavonoids and terpenes. The flavonoids act as antioxidants to control free radicals such as lipid peroxidase. Lipid peroxidation damages tissue, and is associated with cerebral aging and dementia in humans. Ginkgo protects and can improve brain function by stabilizing cell membranes, increasing oxygen and blood flow to the brain, and by reducing cerebral edema. Ginkgo has been found to be effective in the treatment of a variety of conditions associated with cerebral trauma, as well as dementia and aging, including: headaches, memory loss, anxiety, depression, tinnitis (ringing in the ears), vertigo, visual and hearing loss. It improves blood flow, relaxes smooth muscles, and strengthens veins throughout the body.
Ginko has been show to be beneficial for the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. Ginkgo has been used to treat: asthma, eczema, edema, intestinal disorders, hair growth, allergy, arthritis, claudication, leg cramps, hepatitis, PMS, spinal cord injuries, and erectile dysfunction. Ginkgo’s powerful antioxidant and lipid peroxidase inhibiting factors have been reported to clear super oxides, and other chromosomal damaging clastogenic factors, from the blood of Chernobyl workers exposed to high levels of radiation. Chronic inflammatory and immuno-suppression disorders can also produce similar oxidative, clastogenic factors. Individuals with these disorders may benefit from ginkgo extract supplementation.
Individuals with a risk of intra-cranial hemorrhage, systematic arterial hypertension, or diabetes amyloid senile plaques should avoid the use of Ginkgo due to the possibility of subarachnoid hemorrhaging associated with the herb. Ginkgo is not recommended for anyone who is currently taking anti-thrombolytic, anti-coagulants, anti-platelets agents, or regularly consuming aspirin. Mild gastrointestinal complaints may occur as a side effect. Ginkgo can adversely affect female gametocytes and may affect fertility.
Globe Artichoke Leaf extract
Artichoke has a bitter effect, stimulating appetite and increasing the flow of saliva and digestive juices. It cleanses the liver, and lowers lipid levels, by stimulating the production of bile and its release from the gallbladder into the small intestine. It has been used for digestive problems, the treatment of liver and gallbladder disorders, and as a preventive for gallstones. Rutin, a flavonoid and one of the major active components of artichoke, has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. Closely associated with vitamin C, rutin protects vitamin C from oxidation. Rutin strengthens capillaries walls, eases bruising, decreases hemorrhaging, protects against some toxins, and significantly diminishes venous edema - an early symptom of chronic venous leg disease.
Because of the stimulating effect of artichoke on the bile ducts, it should not be administered if there is a bile duct blockage.
Glucoamylase An enzyme that breaks the bonds near the ends of large carbohydrates (starches), releasing maltose and free glucose.
Goldenrod Leaf extract
Goldenrod’s antioxidant, diuretic, and astringent properties make it an excellent treatment for urinary tract disorders. Goldenrod helps to flush out kidney and bladder stones, and is used to treat both cystitis and nephritis. The saponins found in goldenrod inhibit candida overgrowth.
Goldenseal Root extract
Most of the documentation of goldenseal’s effectiveness has been conducted on berberine sulfate, one of the active constituents of goldenseal root. Berberine sulfate acts as an antibiotic and anti-microbial, and has been shown to inhibit the growth of several parasites: Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis. It also inhibits or denatures cholera, Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli toxins.
It is also been found to be effective against: Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella paratyphi, various Klebsiella species, Streptococcus pyrogenes, E. coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Goldenseal improves digestion and is used to treat ulcers and various disorders associated with the colon, liver, pancreas, and spleen. It cleanses mucous membranes, and is beneficial for both the lymphatic and respiratory systems. It has anti-inflammatory properties, increases the effectiveness of insulin, reduces blood pressure, stimulates the central nervous system, decreases uterine bleeding, and regulates menses. Goldenseal root extract is often recommended to treat recurrent middle ear, respiratory, urinary tract, bladder, prostate, and vaginal infections. It stimulates the immune system, and if used at the first sign of symptoms, it can stop a cold, flu, or sore throat from developing. Best taken in an alcohol free form.
Goldenseal should not be taken during pregnancy and by those individuals with gluscose-6- phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency. Not recommended to be used for prolonged periods of time, alternating goldenseal with echinacea and other herbs which are beneficial for a particular disorder is recommended. It is also suggested that individuals with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or glaucoma should only use goldenseal under the supervision of a health practitioner.
Gotu Kola extract
Gotu Kola improves circulation and stimulates the central nervous system. It helps to prevent mental fatigue, improve memory, concentration and depression. Gotu kola is useful for cardiovascular, circulatory, and connective tissue disorders. It strengthens the vascular system, improves fatigue, reduces edema, swelling, cramps, and pain when standing. It treats varicose veins, restless leg syndrome and is good for heart and liver functions. The primary active ingredient, asiaticoside, facilitates wound healing by increasing collagen synthesis and inducing antioxidants at the wound site. Gotu Kola has been used to: neutralize blood acids, lower body temperature, treat kidney stones, improve appetite, increase sex drive and to prevent and repair gastric ulcers. It has powerful anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-tumor properties. In animal studies it has been shown to inhibit acute radiation sickness and the development of both solid and fluid based tumors.
Gotu Kola may cause dermatitis if applied topically.
Grape Seed extract
Grape Seed extract contains one of the most beneficial groups of plant flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, which exert many healing effects on the body. The primary use of grape seed extract is in the treatment of vascular, capillary, and blood vessel disorders. These include: varicose veins, capillary fragility, diabetic retinopathy, night vision, macular degeneration, and ocular stress. It can improve cardiac performance by stabilizing capillary walls and inhibiting edema.
Grape seed extract is also a potent antioxidant. In one study grape seed extract was found to be 20-50 times more powerful than either vitamin C or vitamin E in controlling oxygen free radicals and inhibiting peroxidation. Grape seed’s antioxidant properties have been shown to slow the breakdown of collagen, important in maintaining the structural integrity of skin. It reduces the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by free radicals, prevents damage to the lining of arteries, helps to lower cholesterol levels and reduces cholesterol deposits in arteries. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and vaso-constriction - beneficial in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic heart disease and stroke. It has also demonstrated anti-tumor properties due to its powerful antioxidant capabilities. Grape seed extract minimizes the effects of hormones interfering with hair growth, reducing hair loss. Proanthocyanidins protects the liver and has been shown to significantly improve apoptotic and necrotic liver cell damage. It acts as an anti-inflammatory by blocking the release of prostaglandins. Grape seed extract has been used as a preventive for post-operative pain and edema, and in the treatment of various inflammatory and connective tissue disorders including rheumatoid arthritis.
No health hazards or side effects are known with properly administered therapeutic dosages. A reversible inhibition of intestinal enzymes activity of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, and dipeptidase has been observed in animal studies.
Green Papaya concentrate
Made from raw, Green Papayas at the time when the Papain content is at its highest. Papain is a proteolytic enzyme, and in addition to the digestion of protein (useful in digestive complaints, specifically pancreatic conditions), has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties when taken on an empty stomach.
Comments: Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Interactions with warfarin have been reported.
Green Tea Leaf extract
Many studies have been conducted on the efficacy of Green Tea for a variety of health related conditions. Well known for its anti-oxidant properties, Green Teas is also useful as a stimulant due to the amount of caffeine present. It is also reported to have cancer prevention effects, and is used for it antidiarrheal properties, and as a prebiotic.
Comments: As with many herbal extracts, mothers who are pregnant or nursing should use with caution and consult their physician. It is also reported that alkaline medication may be effected by green tea, and those who have sensitive stomachs may be adversely effected as well.
Guggulipids extract
Taken from the Myrrh tree, Gugulipids are highly regarded for their ability to lower cholesterol and trigliceride levels. They have also been show to decrease platelet aggregration, increase fibrinolytic activity and stimulate thyroid function.
Comments: Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Those with a history of liver problems, inflammatory bowel disease, or diarrhea should consult physician.
Gymnema Leaf extract
There is scientific evidence supporting the use of Gymnema to lower blood sugar levels, and may be useful in the management of types 1 and 2 diabetes.
Comments: Gymnema should not be used while pregnant or nursing, and caution is advised when using in conjunction with other blood-sugar lowering medications and supplements. The scientific evidence lacks to recommend gymnema for use with children
Hawthorn Leaf & Flower extract
Hawthorn is has been used in the treatment of many different cardiovascular conditions – especially congestive heart failure - in addition to being used as an antispasmodic, sedative, astringent, and a diuretic. It has also been utilized to treat different gastrointestinal conditions.
Comments: Avoid use with other cardioactive herbs, and interactions have been reported with calcium channel blockers, CNS depressants, Digoxin, and Nitrates. Reported adverse reactions include nausea, gastrointestinal complaint, fatigue, sweating, and a rash on the hands. Others in clued: palpitations, headache, dizziness, vertigo, dyspnea, nosebleeds, sleeplessness, agitation and circulatory disturbances. Do not use if pregnant or nursing.
Horsetail Herb extract
Horsetail is indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections and bladder and kidney stones. It has also been used for tuberculosis, brittle fingernails, gout, and topically for wounds and burns
Comments: Horsetail is contraindicated with swelling due to diminished heart or kidney function. Use caution with chromium containing supplements, licorice, cardio-glycoside herbs, and stimulant laxative herbs. Some drug interaction is indicated as well – corticosteroids, digoxin, and diuretic drugs. Those pregnant or nursing should consult physician.
Hydrangea Root extract
Hydrangea root is used orally for several conditions of the urinary tract. Hydrangea is thought to have a mild diuretic effect and may have an ability to resist the formation of calculus and stones. It is advised not to exceed over 2 grams per dosage – three times a day appears to be a common dose.
Comments: Hydrangea can cause gastroenteritis, and reported overdose symptoms include vertigo and chest tightness. Consult physician if pregnant or nursing.
Invertase An enzyme that digests the disaccharide sucrose into its two monosaccharides, fructose and glucose. Invertase is also called sucrase.
Iodine Essential for healthy thyroid function; necessary constituent for synthesis of thyroid hormones, triiodotyrosine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
Irish Moss
Irish Moss is often used as an alternative for over the counter cough and flu medicines. It is rich I in potassium chloride – which helps to dissolve catharrs, responsible for congestion, and iodine - to strengthen the immune system as an anti-microbial.
Comments: It is recommended those taking anti-coagulant drugs avoid massive consumption of Irish Moss, and those who are pregnant or nursing should consult a physician.
Iron Vital for the production of hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscle cells; required for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport; essential cofactor in the synthesis of neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin).
Jambul Seed extract Jambul Seed – or Jambolan Seen – has shown anti-inflammatory properties. It has been used in the treatment of diabetes, for pancreatic conditions, gastric complaints, nervous conditions, and as a diuretic. It has been reported to reduce blood sugar as well.Comments: If pregnant or nursing consult a physician
Kelp Kelp contains alginic acid which reportedly binds with toxins in the intestines, making them unable to be digested, and transports them from the system. In addition, Kelp is an excellent source of Iodine, making it useful in the regulation of thyroid function.Comments: The Herbal PDR reports a danger of induction or worsening of hyperthyroidism exists, and there is also a potential for allergic reactions. Consult physician if pregnant or nursing.
Lactase An enzyme that digests the disaccharide lactose into its two monosaccharides, glucose and galactose. Lactose is the sugar found in milk and other dairy products and may be used as an additive in other foods.
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of several bacteria in the genus Lactobacillus. It is commonly used commercially together with Streptococcus salivarius in the production of yogurt.
Lactobacillus acidophilus gets its name from lacto- meaning milk, -bacillus meaning rod-like in shape, and acidophilus meaning acid-loving. This bacterium thrives in more acidic environments than most microorganisms (pH 4-5 or lower) and grow best at 45 degrees Celsius. L. acidophilus occurs naturally in a variety of foods, including dairy, grain, meat, and fish. It is also present in human (and animal) intestines, mouths, and vaginas. L. acidophilus (and all lactic acid bacteria) absorb lactose and metabolize it into lactic acid. Certain related species (known as heterofermentive) also produce ethanol, carbon dioxide, and acetic acid this way. L. acidophilus itself (a homofermentative microorganism) produces only lactic acid. Like many bacteria, L. acidophilus can be killed by excess heat, moisture, or direct sunlight.
L. acidophilus is considered a probiotic or "friendly" bacterium. These types of healthy bacteria inhabit the intestines and vagina and protect against some unhealthy organisms. The breakdown of food by L. acidophilus produces lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and other byproducts that make the environment hostile for undesired organisms. L. acidophilus also tends to consume the nutrients many other microorganisms depend on, thus outcompeting possibly harmful bacteria in the digestive tract. During digestion, L. acidophilus also assists in the production of niacin, folic acid, and pyridoxine. Studies have also shown L. acidophilus can assist in bile deconjugation, separating amino acids from bile acids, which can then be recycled by the body.
Some research has indicated L. acidophilus may provide additional health benefits, including improved gastrointestinal function, a boosted immune system, and a decrease in the frequency of vaginal yeast infections. L. acidophilus is part of the normal vaginal flora. The acid produced by L. acidophilus in the vagina helps to control the growth of the fungus Candida albicans, helping to prevent vaginal yeast infections. Certain spermicides and contraceptive creams can kill L. acidophilus in the vagina, clearing the path to possible yeast infections.
Antibiotics taken orally will also kill beneficial bacteria like L. acidophilus. After a course of antibiotic therapy, patients are occasionally instructed to take an L. acidophilus treatment in order to recolonize the gastrointestinal tract.
L. acidophilus is often sold in health stores in pill or powder form as a nutritional supplement. Research on the nutritional benefits of taking L. acidophilus supplements is inconsistent and inconclusive. Most such claims boil down to a link between L. acidophilus and a possible decrease in the incidence of certain diseases, including yeast infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and a weakened immune system. Most researchers agree further study is needed before substantiating many of these claims.
Wikipedia
Comments: Consult physician if pregnant or nursing.
Lactobacillus casei
Lactobacillus casei is a transient, anaerobic microorganism of genus Lactobacillus found in the human intestine and mouth. As a lactic acid producer, it has been found to assist in the propagation of desirable bacteria. This particular species of lactobacillus is documented to have a wide pH and temperature range, and complements the growth of L. acidophilus, a producer of the enzyme amylase (a carbohydrate-digesting enzyme). It is known to improve digestion and reduce milk intolerance and constipation.
The most common application of L. casei is industrial, specifically for dairy production.
Wikipedia
Comments: Consult physician if pregnant or nursing.
Lactobacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus plantarum is a widespread member of the genus Lactobacillus, commonly found in sauerkraut, pickles, brined olives, korean kimchi, nigerian ogi, sourdugh and other fermented plant material and also in some cheeses and fermented sausages. This microorganism is Gram (+), grows at 15 but not at 45 °C, and produces both isomers of lactic acid (D and L). L. plantarum and related lactobacilli are unusual in that they can respire oxygen but have no respiratory chain or cytochromes—the consumed oxygen ultimately ends up as hydrogen peroxide. The peroxide probably acts as a weapon to exclude competing bacteria from the food source. In place of the protective enzyme superoxide dismutase present in almost all other oxygen-tolerant cells, this organism accumulates millimolar quantities of manganese polyphosphate. Because the chemistry by which manganese complexes protect the cells from oxygen damage is subverted by iron, these cells contain virtually no iron atoms; in contrast, a cell of Escherichia coli of comparable volume contains over one million iron atoms.
Wikipedia
Comments: Consult physician if pregnant or nursing.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Lactobacillus rhamnosus was originally considered to be a subspecies of L. casei, but new genetic research found it to be a species of its own. L. rhamnosus inhibits growth of most harmful bacteria in the gut. It is used as a natural preservative in yogurt and other dairy products to extend the shelf life. Some studies have been done on its in vivo effects.
Wikipedia
Comments: Consult physician if pregnant or nursing.
Lactobacillus salivarius
Lactobacillus salivarius has moderate lactase activity and produces lactic acid and bacteriocins, and is added to some functional foods and probiotic drinks, in addition to in a capsule form supplement. It is found naturally in the digestive tract of humans as well as in diary and vegetables.
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